1. BIO-EFFICACY EVALUATION OF SSF-126 SC FOR THE CONTROL OF MAJOR DISEASES OF CARABAO MANGO AT MATALAM, COTABATO, PHILIPPINES

Naomi G. Tangonan & Ariel B. Alojado

Respectively, Faculty Researcher and Research Assistant, Plant Pathology Research Laboratory, Crops Research Division, University of
Southern Mindanao Agricultural Research Center (USMARC), USM,
Kabacan, Cotabato Tel/Fax 064-248-2610
Email: ngtangonan@gmail.com


Abstract

SSF-126 20% SC (coded fungicide) was tested for its bio-efficacy on major diseases of mango (Carabao variety) in a farmer’s field at Kilada, Matalam, Cotabato. Results showed that disease control was significantly different among treatments when compared to the untreated control as to incidence of blossom or panicle blight. Disease incidence and disease severity (DS) were significantly lower on SSF-126 20% SC-treated trees compared to the other fungicide treatment Score with highest DS on untreated control. Similarly for anthracnose and scab diseases, SSF-126 20% SC-treated trees had lower incidence and disease severity compared to the other treatments and significantly lower compared to the untreated control. As to yield (50 fruits sampled/ treatment), SSF-126 20% SC-treated mango fruits were significantly heavier at 16.25 to 18.79 kg compared to the untreated control at 11.88 kg. Other yield parameters such as flower intensity, fruit set, and fruit retention showed better performance for the test fungicide SSF-126 20% SC as against the control. Phytotoxicity of the test fungicide was tolerable. Based on results of this study therefore, it is a big advantage to apply SSF-126 20% SC fungicide on Carabao mango as it resulted to significantly higher yield, lesser incidence and lower disease severity of panicle or blossom blight, scab, anthracnose, and stem-end rot. It can be recommended as a good fungicide for control of major diseases of mango.


Key words: anthracnose, panicle or blossom blight, scab, and stem-end rot diseases, fungicide, pesticides, phytotoxicity
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2. BIO-EFFICACY EVALUATION OF ORGANICA ON THE INCIDENCE OF MAJOR DISEASES OF TISSUE-CULTURED CARDAVA BANANA AT CARMEN, COTABATO, PHILIPPINES

Naomi G. Tangonan & Ariel B. Alojado

Respectively, Faculty Researcher and Research Assistant, Plant Pathology Research Laboratory, Crops Research Division, Tel/Fax (064) 248 - 2610
University of Southern Mindanao Agricultural
Research Center (USMARC), USM,
Kabacan, Cotabato


Abstract

Organica (a Japanese product with Lactobacillus, Bacillus subtilis, black treacle, 83 kinds of minerals, and yeast) was tested for its bio-efficacy on the incidence of major diseases of tissue-cultured Cardava banana in a farmer’s field at Barangay General Luna, Carmen, Cotabato. Results showed that disease control showed highly significant difference among treatment means when compared to the untreated control. Disease incidence ranged from 7.06 to 32.01 against untreated control at 72.70. Disease severity (DS) was also highly significant among treatment means that ranged from 8.48 to 20.37 when compared to untreated control with a mean of 73.32. Postharvest diseases like fruit spot and fruit-end rot caused by Fusarium roseum showed significant difference among treatment means ranged from 2.24 to 3.32 and 1.51 to 4.03 when compared to untreated control with mean of 4.75 and 4.41, respectively. Similarly, infestation of aphids on tissue-cultured Cardava banana showed a highly significant difference when compared to untreated control with 93.56. Phytotoxicity of the test foliar fertilizer ranged from 0.71 to 1.99 and rated 1 or 1-5% in a rating scale of 0-9, meaning it had least or practically no toxicity on banana.
Organica (foliar fertilizer) applied on tissue-cultured Cardava banana thus resulted to reduced disease incidence and severity of leaf spot caused by Macrophoma musae, postharvest diseases as well as infestation of aphids (Pentalonia nigronervosa). Yield of Cardava banana ranged from 19.87 to 23.97 kg per fruit bunch.

Key words: aphids (Pentalonia nigronervosa), Fusarium roseum postharvest disease, Macrophoma musae leaf spot, organic foliar fertilizer, phytotoxicity
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3.IDENTIFICATION AND CONTROL OF FIELD DISEASES OF DURIAN, JACKFRUIT, LANZONES, AND MARANG IN REGIONS XI AND XII, MINDANAO, PHILIPPINES

Naomi G. Tangonan and Judilyn P. Narcilla
Respectively, Study Leader and Research Assistant, Plant Pathology Research Laboratory, Crops Research Division, University of Southern Mindanao
Agricultural Research Center (USMARC), USM,
Kabacan, Cotabato Tel/Fax (064) 248-2610
Email:ngtangonan@gmail.com


Abstract

Field surveys of fruit crops (durian, jackfruit, lanzones, and marang) for incidence of field diseases – some are new records - were done in the municipalities of Bansalan Davao del Sur, Kidapawan, Makilala, and Kabacan North Cotabato. Phytopththora palmivora causing stem canker and Rhizoctonia solani causing leaf blight were found attacking durian trees. In jackfruit, Sclerotium rot of jackfruit and seedlings, two types of leafspots (Colletotrichum and Curvularia), pink disease caused by Corticium salmonicolor, and Choanephora fruitlet rot were noted. For lanzones, the following were noted: Fusarium leaf blight, sooty molds, and leafspot. Diseases in marang, on the other hand, were Thielaviopsis leafspot and algal spot caused by Cephaleuros virescens.

Two biocontrols, Trichoderma harzianum and Fungus X were found antagonistic against S. rolfsii and comparable to benomyl (chemical check). Fungicides found effective were captan, chlorothalonil, mancpzeb, copper hydroxide, and triadimefon.

Key words: Cephaleuros virescens, Colletotrichum sp., Corticium salmonicolor, Curvularia sp., Phytophthora palmivora, pink disease, Rhizoctonia solani
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4. IDENTIFICATION AND CONTROL OF FIELD DISEASES OF SELECTED FIBER CROPS AT PICRI-USM, KABACAN, COTABATO, PHILIPPINES

Naomi G. Tangonan and Norkayda H. Abdulkadil

Respectively, Project Leader and Research Assistant, Tel/Fax (064) 248-2610 Email:ngtangonan@gmail.com, Philippines Industrial Crops
Research Institute (PICRI), University of Southern Mindanao,
Kabacan, Cotabato


Abstract

New records of prevailing field diseases of various selected fiber crops (abaca, maguey, pandan, pina, ramie, salago, and sanseviera) grown and maintained in the germplasm collections of the USM-based Philippine Industrial Crops Research Institute (PICRI) have been noted. After pathogenicity tests, the following were noted. Rhizoctonia blight of salago; Fusarium leafspot and bacterial leaf blight of sanseviera; Fusarium, Helminthosporium, and Macrophoma leafspots of abaca; shoot blight and sooty molds of maguey; Thielaviopsis leaf blight of ramie; algal spot, tip blight, leafspot, and rust of pandan; and leafspot of pina caused by Curvularia sp.

Three potential phytofungicides (devil weed, dumbcane, and pancit-pancitan) from several tested botanicals were found effective against some of the fungal pathogens. Likewise, six biocontrol fungi (Trichoderma sp., T. harzianum, T.pseudokoningii, T.viride, Penicillium sp., Rhizopus sp. showed antagonistic effect against R.solani in vitro. Five fungicides (benomyl, difenoconazole, mancozeb, metalaxyl, and tridemorph) applied as protectant and eradicant were found generally effective.

Key words: abaca, botanicals, fungicides, maguey, pandan, phytofungicides, pina, ramie, salago, and sanseviera
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5. DROUGHT PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF SELECTED RICE VARIETIES IN LAKE SEBU, SOUTH COTABATO, PHILIPPINES

Florence Lasalita- Zapico,1 Jammichaelben G. Miranda,1Michelle I. Pare,1 and Severo T. Bastian Jr.2

1Science Department, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Mindanao State University, Fatima, General Santos City, 9500 Philippines
2Molecular Biology Laboratory, University of the Philippines at Mindanao, Bago Oshiro, Tugbok District, 8000 Davao City Philippines
Email: fclasalita@yahoo.com


Abstract

Physiological and Molecular characterization of upland and lowland rice cultivars obtained from Lake Sebu was undertaken. For physiological characterization, the 16 rice cultivars were screened during two stages of growth namely: the germinative and seedling stage. Results showed that increasing PEG concentrations inhibited root/shoot emergence. It was also observed that upland cv Kalimumo showed best responses to drought stress during germinative stage. Plant height, Relative Water Content (RWC), and vigor rating were likewise inhibited by low moisture stress (LMS) regime imposed on the seedlings 14 days after sowing (DAS). LMS, on the other hand, had enhancing effects on leaf rolling and this became even more intensified with prolonged exposure to the drought stress. The RAPD technique proved effective in the identification of the 16 rice cultivars. However, the two phenograms constructed using maximum parsimony method and UPGMA proved inconclusive in terms of the estimation of phylogenetic relatedness of the rice cultivars under study. Of the two clustering algorithms, results of the parsimony method were more comparable to physiological data, though some inconsistencies were noted. Uncertainties associated with this study can be traced back to the use of a single RAPD primer in molecular characterization. A similar study using more primers is therefore recommended.

Key Words: Randomly Amplified polymorphic DNA, drought tolerance, UPGMA, parsimony
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6. VEGETABLE INTERCROPPING UNDER 'CATIGAN' DWARF (CATD) BEARING COCONUTS TECHNO DEMONSTRATION TRIAL AT PCA-DRC, DAVAO CITY, PHILIPPINES

Millicent I.Secretaria1 and Robert Evangelio2

1Phil. Coconut Authority-Davao Research Center, Bago Oshiro, Davao City
E-mail address: pcaasd@pldtdsl.net or milsecretaria@yahoo.com
2 East-West Seed Company, Inc. (EWSCI), Davao Office,
# 909 Vinzons St., Agdao, Davao City

Abstract

A techno demonstration trial on vegetable intercropping under bearing ‘Catigan’ dwarf (CATD) coconut palms was conducted from June to September, 2005 at the Philippine Coconut Authority – Davao Research Center (PCA-DRC) Experimental Station at Bago Oshiro, Davao City in collaboration with East-West Seed Company, Inc. (EWSCI) to demonstrate the feasibility and productivity of this intercropping practice to coconut clienteles and stakeholders.

Several kinds of vegetable such as tomato, eggplant, cucumber, squash, ampalaya and upland kangkong were planted in the interrows of bearing ‘CATD’ coconuts while watermelon was planted in an open area between two coconut planting areas. This techno demo trial showed some of the technologies introduced by the EWSCI for a productive vegetable farming under bearing coconuts. Some factors which affected the growth and yield of vegetables grown at PCA-DRC were discussed.

Key words: feasibility, productivity, coconut farming, vegetable growing
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7. LONG-TERM RESPONSES TO COCONUT LEAF PRUNING (CLP) OF RECOMMENDED COCONUT VARIETIES AND DURIAN INTERCROP UNDER DAVAO CONDITION, PHILIPPINES


Marianita N. Eroy,1 Rogaciano Z. Margate, 1 and Severino S. Magat2

1Phil. Coconut Authority-Davao Research Center, Bago Oshiro, Davao City
E-mail address: pcaasd@pldtdsl.net or manetteeroy@yahoo.com
2 PCA-Agricultural Research Management Dept., RDEBranch, Diliman, Quezon City
E-mail address: ssmagat@pacific.net.ph or sev_magat@yahoo.com


Abstract

A nine-year study on coconut + durian (Durio zebithinus) farming system was conducted in an inland-upland area in Davao City, Philippines from 1995-2004 to evaluate the responses of recommended coconut varieties: PCA 15-5 (CATD x BAOT) and PCA 15-8 (TACD x BAOT) and Bago Oshiro tall (BAOT) to coconut leaf pruning (CLP) at leaf rank # 19 and to determine the performance of the durian intercrop.

CLP decreased nut and copra yield of palms but increased copra recovery of nut. Reduction in nut and copra yield was lower in local hybrids ranging from 10-18% and 4-7% compared with BAOT with 31% and 28% nut and copra reduction, respectively. Copra recovery of nuts was improved by 5-9% in hybrids but not with BAOT. CLP did not influence the quality of oil and nutrition of palms.

Durian under CLP had better vegetative growth leading to more productive trees and resulting to early return to investment, high income and offsetting yield and income losses from coconut. Durian can be grown profitably even under closely spaced coconut (closer than 10m x 10 m) by adopting CLP. Shade provision for durian and CLP are unnecessary during the first two years of the crop thus deferring coconut yield losses. The use of local hybrids further increased farm productivity and profitability.

Key words: coconut/copra yield reduction, farm productivity, farming system, hybrids
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8. GENETIC EROSION AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF UPLAND RICE CULTIVARS IN LAKE SEBU, SOUTH COTABATO, PHILIPPINES


Tres Tinna B. Martin1, Ruby Jane S. Peña,1
and Florence Lasalita-Zapico2
Email: fclasalita@yahoo.com

1Graduating BS BIOLOGY students, Science Department, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Mindanao State University, Fatima, General Santos City, 9500 Philippines
2AssistantProfessor, Science Department, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Mindanao State University, Fatima, General Santos City, 9500 Philippines


Abstract

This study was undertaken to assess the varietal diversity of traditional rice cultivars in the upland areas of Lake Sebu, to collect rice germplasm for conservation purposes, and to determine the patterns of genetic erosion in farmers’ fields. Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) tools and techniques (i.e. semi-structured interviews and questionnaires) were used to gather the needed information. The spatial distribution of these traditional cvs was also mapped out using DIVA-GIS. Of the 206 reported cvs in 1984, only 131 cvs could be named by the farmer respondents. Furthermore, 35 out of the 131 named cvs were no longer cultivated as of the time the interviews were conducted. The non-cultivation of the great majority of the cultivars was primarily due to farmers’ distinct preference for a few cultivars with desirable agronomic traits to the exclusion of all the rest. This present situation poses a threat to the upland rice resource base of Lake Sebu and this trend will go on unabated unless conservation measures are done to preserve the remaining population stands and to prevent further the loss of biodiversity in farmers’ fields.


Key words: biodiversity, conservation, farmers’ fields, rice germplasm, traditional rice cultivars, varietal diversity, PRA, DIVA-GIS
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9. MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF TRADITIONAL RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.) CULTIVARS IN BARANGAY KIHAN, MALAPATAN, SARANGANI PROVINCE, PHILIPPINES

Jaime A. Namocatcat1, Florence L. Zapico2,
Lean Marx M. Degracia3, Jezrel B. Barnizo3
Email: fclasalita@yahoo.com

1Doctor of Philosophy, Professor in Biodiversity, Science Department, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Mindanao State University, General Santos City, 9500 Philippines
2 Assistant Professor, Science Department, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Mindanao State University, 9500 General Santos City, Email: fclasalita@yahoo.com
3Graduating Students, BS Biology, Science Department, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Mindanao State University, General Santos City, 9500 Philippines


Abstract

The extent of morphological variation and/or similarity within a set of 32 traditional upland rice cultivars of Barangay Kihan was assessed in situ using eight morpho-agronomic parameters. Three different clustering algorithms ( Centroid, Complete Linkage and Median) were used to generate dendrograms based on Squared Euclidean Distance. These three clustering methods yielded trees of similar topology, though slight inconsistencies were observed in terms of cluster composition. A remarkable observation wais the inclusion of cvs mlikat samlaka, ubo, azucena and buling in one cluster in all three trees implying their genetic similarities with each other and their genetic divergence from all the other cvs. Low variability was also observed among the cultivars within clusters. These inconclusive results are due to the influence of environmental conditions on the expression of quantitative morphological traits. Thus, a similar study using molecular marker technology is recommended.

Key words: cluster analysis method, dendrogram, genetic erosion, morphological classification, upland rice cultivars
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10. ENHANCING NATURE EDUCATION AMONG KIDS BY USING LEAF SKELETONS IN CREATIVE ARTS

Avilla V. Baluyot

University Researcher I, Institute of Biological Sciences
University of the Philippines Los Baños
College, Laguna, Email: iebuot@yahoo.com


Abstract

Venation pattern is a basic characteristic of plant species. Thus the parallel venation is a characteristic of monocotyledons, the netted or reticulate, of the dicotyledons and the dichotomous (forked-veined), for ferns and other groups of plants.

Leaf clearing is the best method to observe details of leaf venation. For morphologists and taxonomists, venation pattern is the key character in studying the comparative morphology of plants. For paleobotanists it is the diagnostic tool that will pave the way to more researches and discoveries, especially the evolution of plants from fossil records to the present generation.

We can use leaf venation in biodiversity conservation as well. We can enhance nature appreciation and biodiversity conservation among kids or children through leaf clearing exercises. While children enjoy the natural yet unique designs of each leaf, gradually they would value nature and biodiversity resources.

Key words: comparative morphology, fossils, leaf clearing, paleobotanists, leaf surface, taxonomists, venation pattern
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ABSTRACTS FOR POSTER PRESENTATION: 6TH CONVENTION